Within captive populations, endocranial volumes have been documented to increase, decrease, and in some cases show no discernable difference. Changes in endocranial volume may have significant consequences for the viability of a population 1, 5, 6. Given its intricate relationship with brain size and structure, endocranial volume has been linked to differences in behavior, performance, and fitness 2, 4. The relative endocranial volume of the vertebrate skull varies within and between populations of a species 1, 2, 3. We hypothesize that the increase in endocranial volume observed across captive generations may be related to the high-quality nutrition provided in captivity. We did not find a relationship between endocranial volume and either inbreeding or cranial musculature, although the captive population displayed an increase in the cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle. However, we did not detect a difference among captive, wild, and reintroduced groups, perhaps due to the variability across captive generations. Endocranial volume increased across captive generations. Here, we measured the endocranial volume of preserved Mexican wolf skulls across captive generations and between captive, wild, and reintroduced populations and assessed endocranial volume dependence on inbreeding and cranial musculature. Little is known about how changes in brain size progress in highly managed carnivoran populations and whether such traits are retained among reintroduced populations. Changes in brain size are associated with biological fitness, which may limit reintroduction success. Captive diets, for example, may differ in nutrition and texture, altering cranial musculature and alleviating constraints on cranial shape development. The acceptance of a guarantor is not normal policy and may or may not be acceptable.Endangered animals in captivity may display reduced brain sizes due to captive conditions and limited genetic diversity. If a guarantor is necessary, the guarantor must also submit a completed application with a processing fee. RENTAL QUALIFICATIONS: You have a legal and verifiable income of approximately three (3) times the monthly rental rate after all expenses/debts are accounted for, positive credit history with NO evictions in the past 5 years and NO current bankruptcy proceedings and have at least 3 years of good rental history or property ownership. We will never ask you to wire money or pay with gift cards, please report to us any fraudulent ads associated with one of our property listings. does not advertise on Craigslist or Facebook Marketplace. We do business in accordance with all State and Federal Fair Housing Laws. The above property description and information is deemed to be accurate but is not guaranteed and may be changed without notice. DRE #01233123 The "Available Date" listed is an approximate move in date based on work that may be needed to prepare the home for a new tenant. Tenant pays all utilities and solar and monthly $25.00 Resident Benefit Package that includes but not limited to: utility tracking and billing, insurance compliance, 24/7 maintenance call service, tenant portal, online payment option, moving concierge service, Pinata rent rewards program, Experian positive credit reporting, and an air filter will be delivered to the home every 3 months. Renter Liability Insurance of minimum $100,000 is required. This property requires a one-year lease, No Pets. PLEASE DO NOT DISTURB THE CURRENT OCCUPANTS. Amenities include living room, family room, breakfast nook, large open kitchen with lots of cabinet & counter space, granite counters, kitchen island, dishwasher, range, double oven, disposal, microwave, refrigerator, recessed lighting, walk in pantry, central heat & air, indoor laundry room with utility sink and hook ups, large primary suite with jetted tub and walk in closet, 3 car tandem garage, primary suite balcony, bonus loft area, fenced yard with covered patio, solar for reduced electricity bills, community club house is under construction, community pool is under construction. Close to schools, parks, shopping, public transportation, freeway access, minutes from downtown Sacramento. Located near W Elkhorn Blvd and Lonetree Rd. This Brand New 4 bedroom 3 bathroom house is on a corner lot wit lots of light, located in the North Lake Community.
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